Diabetes
1. Diabetes:
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. There are primarily two main types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, previously known as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, and Type 2 diabetes, formerly called adult-onset or non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Type of Diabetes:
- Type 1 Diabetes: This type results from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin. Individuals with Type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin therapy for survival.
- Type 2 Diabetes: This type is characterized by insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. It's often associated with obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and genetic predisposition.
Effects:
- Both types of diabetes can lead to numerous complications if not properly managed. These include cardiovascular disease, neuropathy, nephropathy, retinopathy, and increased susceptibility to infections.
- Long-term complications can affect various organs and systems, leading to significant morbidity and mortality if left untreated.
Precautions:
- Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels through self-monitoring or continuous glucose monitoring.
- Adherence to a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, while limiting processed foods, sugar, and saturated fats.
- Engaging in regular physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity and manage weight.
- Consistent medication adherence and regular follow-up with healthcare providers for monitoring and adjustments.
Benefits:
- Proper management of diabetes can significantly reduce the risk of complications and improve overall health and quality of life.
- Tight glycemic control can prevent or delay the onset of complications, including cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and neuropathy.
- Lifestyle modifications such as healthy eating and exercise can lead to better blood sugar control and reduce the need for medication.
